[meteorite-list] Daring Russian Sample Return Mission to Phobos Aims For November Liftoff
From: MexicoDoug <mexicodoug_at_meteoritecentral.com>
Date: Fri, 14 Oct 2011 11:56:39 -0400 (EDT) Message-ID: <8CE58A0FE6D45B5-11F8-35B01_at_webmail-m149.sysops.aol.com> Hi Ed, Well, those are some of the considerations, anyway, but it would be nice to see more information about the entire design to get a better answer. Did you notice (in Ron's press release) that it actually has to carry two sampling "manipulators" because no one knows what the so-called soil will be like. It could be like trying to cut a slice of Allende, or trying to scoop up some fine desert sand. I bet if they were more certain and didn't have to design a one-size (actually two size) fits all they could have gotten a bit more. One interesting panspermia experiment I didn't see in the press release was that this will be, in the *space age*, the first earthlings traveling on an interplanetary expedition and being somewhat safely returned, at least on purpose. Some live organisms (extremophile bacteria I seem to recall) are in the capsule payload as well, to test their survivability. Lucky its not me behind this one or I'd probably dump them on Phobos to try to fit some more material in the return! The Mission payload weighs a little over 11 tons (most of which must be fuel), but we can get insight into the design considerations by hearing that because they missed the first launch window, it was 150 kg to heavy due to increased requirements for the Nov 8, 2011 launch, which forces either a reduction of weight somewhere on an already light design, or the use of a more powerful and expensive launch vehicle on a shoestring budget. It's not like Russia has a stable wallet for its mission. They really needed to work smart on this one to make it happen, working on an US $80 million budget mission for 2008 - 2012, for the entire thing. For comparison, the NASA Dawn project cost projection was US $446 million (and only after cutting two instruments), though over a somewhat longer time frame, it would be hard to select which is the more exciting mission and more technically challenging. The Russian mission actually will land on two worlds also - Phobos and then back to Earth, not to mention deploying a Chinese Martian satellite they were forced to include to finance part of the mission. If I had time, one interesting aspect this mission has for me at least, is the physics of cutting and drilling into an asteroid surface like this Martian moon. The gravity of Phobos is pretty miniscule and the law of 'action has an equal and opposite reaction' conjures in my hyperactive imagination to think of a free-spiriting rock climber on a boulder thousands of 6000 miles high, hanging only by his toes and fingernails, trying to pull out a drill to remove material and put ion in his pocket... If it is a hard surface, any push might move the probe unless it were somehow secured, again, by drilling(?) mounts somehow, to tie it down. So the calculation would be to look at Phobos' gravity, the mass range of the probe, and consider once it makes a soft landing, how much power can be put into the prospecting instrument to poke and drill and using what tricks, to maintain the whole thing stable. Kindest wishes Doug -----Original Message----- From: Ed Deckert <edeckert at triad.rr.com> To: Meteorite-list <Meteorite-list at meteoritecentral.com>; MexicoDoug <mexicodoug at aim.com> Sent: Fri, Oct 14, 2011 10:32 am Subject: Re: [meteorite-list] Daring Russian Sample Return Mission to Phobos Aims For November Liftoff Doug, Thanks for the time and thought that you put into your replies to my questions. You put everything into perspective. Those were all points that I never thought to consider. I was thinking from a pure mission cost perspective where the "cost per gram" of the returned material was going to be exceedingly high, but not from a logical perspective that took into consideration tools to collect samples, power consumption, escape velocity, etc. Certainly those have non-negotiable limitations. I too look forward to hearing what can be learned from the material that is returned to Earth, and I wish them the best of success in this endeavor. Best Regards, Ed ----- Original Message ----- From: "MexicoDoug" <mexicodoug at aim.com> To: <edeckert at triad.rr.com>; <Meteorite-list at meteoritecentral.com> Sent: Thursday, October 13, 2011 11:31 PM Subject: Re: [meteorite-list] Daring Russian Sample Return Mission to Phobos Aims For November Liftoff One other thing - Unless I'm mistaken, the escape velocity for Phobos-Grunt compared to that from the surface of Earth's Moon where the Lunar module was used, is in the same ratio as the Moon is to Earth. In other words, to escape the Martian system from Phobos you'd be looking at 1/6 the gravity that's on Earth's Moon. That is not a trivial effort! But it is worth it ... hopefully pristine samples of the most interesting of carbonaceous chondrites will be in the ROSCOSMOS return capsule! Kindest wishes Doug -----Original Message----- From: Ed Deckert <edeckert at triad.rr.com> To: baalke <baalke at zagami.jpl.nasa.gov>; meteorite-list <meteorite-list at meteoritecentral.com>; MexicoDoug <mexicodoug at aim.com> Sent: Thu, Oct 13, 2011 10:19 pm Subject: Re: [meteorite-list] Daring Russian Sample Return Mission to Phobos Aims For November Liftoff Hi All, I have some questions about this. I realize that there are likely some limitations to be considered, and that this is an incredible undertaking, but 200 grams is not much material to bring back. Why the small payload? Would a greater sample weight negatively influence of the survival of this capsule during reentry through Earth's atmosphere? And why would it not be provided with some kind of transmitter to help locate it after it lands? Ed ----- Original Message ----- From: "MexicoDoug" <mexicodoug at aim.com> To: <baalke at zagami.jpl.nasa.gov>; <meteorite-list at meteoritecentral.com> Sent: Thursday, October 13, 2011 8:46 PM Subject: Re: [meteorite-list] Daring Russian Sample Return Mission to Phobos Aims For November Liftoff > August 2014: > > "capsule will enter Earth's atmosphere at a speed of 12 kilometers per > second. The capsule has neither parachute nor radio communication and will > break its speed thanks to its conical shape" > > Sounds like a GREAT hunt, both for the ~ 200 g of Phobos to be returned > and for the capsule itself in 2014. > > Kudos to the ROSCOSMOS !!! > > Kindest wishes > Doug > > > > > -----Original Message----- > From: Ron Baalke <baalke at zagami.jpl.nasa.gov> > To: Meteorite Mailing List <meteorite-list at meteoritecentral.com> > Sent: Thu, Oct 13, 2011 6:18 pm > Subject: [meteorite-list] Daring Russian Sample Return Mission to Phobos > Aims For November Liftoff > > > http://www.universetoday.com/89845/daring-russian-sample-return-mission-to-martian-moon-phobos-aims-for-november-liftoff/ > > > Daring Russian Sample Return mission to Martian Moon Phobos aims for > November Liftoff > > by Ken Kremer > Universe Today > October 13, 2011 > > In just over 3 weeks time, Russia plans to launch a bold mission to Mars > who's > objective, if successful, is to land on the Martian Moon Phobos and return > a > cargo of precious soil samples back to Earth about three years later. > > The purpose is to determine the origin and evolution of Phobos and how > that relates to Mars and the evolution of the solar system. > > Liftoff of the Phobos-Grunt space probe will end a nearly two decade > long hiatus in Russia's exploration of the Red Planet following the > failed Mars 96 mission and is currently scheduled to head to space just > weeks prior to this year's other Mars mission - namely NASA's next Mars > rover, the Curiosity Mars Science Laboratory (MSL). > > Blastoff of Phobos-Grunt may come as early as around Nov. 5 to Nov. 8 > atop a Russian Zenit 3-F rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in > Kazakhstan. The launch window extends until about Nov. 25. Elements of > the spacecraft are undergoing final prelaunch testing at Baikonur. > > Baikonur is the same location from which Russian manned Soyuz rockets > lift off for the International Space Station. Just like NASA's Curiosity > Mars rover, the mission was originally intended for a 2009 launch but was > prudently delayed to fix a number of technical problems. > > "November will see the launch of the Phobos-Grunt interplanetary > automatic research station aimed at delivering samples of the Martian > natural satellite's soil to Earth", said Vladimir Popovkin, head of the > Russian Federal Space Agency, speaking recently at a session of the > State Duma according to the Voice of Russia, a Russian government news > agency. > > The spacecraft will reach the vicinity of Mars after an 11 month > interplanetary cruise around October 2012. Following several months of > orbital science investigations of Mars and its two moons and searching > for a safe landing site, Phobos-Grunt will attempt history's first ever > touchdown on Phobos. It will conduct a comprehensive analysis of the > surface of the tiny moon and collect up to 200 grams of soil and rocks > with a robotic arm and drill. > > After about a year of surface operations, the loaded return vehicle will > blast off from Phobos and arrive back at Earth around August 2014. These > would be the first macroscopic samples returned from another body in the > solar system since Russia's Luna 24 in 1976. > > "The way back will take between nine and 11 months, after which the > return capsule will enter Earth's atmosphere at a speed of 12 kilometers > per second. The capsule has neither parachute nor radio communication > and will break its speed thanks to its conical shape," said chief > spacecraft constructor Maksim Martynov according to a report from the > Russia Today news agency. He added that there are two soil collection > manipulators on the lander because of uncertainties in the > characteristics of Phobos soil. > > Phobos-Grunt was built by NPO Lavochkin and consists of a cruise stage, > orbiter/lander, ascent vehicle, and Earth return vehicle. > > The spacecraft weighs nearly 12,000 kg and is equipped with a > sophisticated 50 kg international science payload, in particular from > France and CNES, the French Space Agency. > > Also tucked aboard is the Yinghou-1 microsatellite supplied by China. > The 110 kg Yinghou-1 is China's first probe to launch to Mars and will > study the Red Planet's magnetic and gravity fields and surface > environment from orbit for about 1 year. > > "It will be the first time such research [at Mars] will be done by two > spacecraft simultaneously. The research will help understand how the > erosion of Mars' atmosphere happens," said Professor Lev Zelyony from > the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, > according to Russia Today. > > ______________________________________________ > Visit the Archives at > http://www.meteoritecentral.com/mailing-list-archives.html > Meteorite-list mailing list > Meteorite-list at meteoritecentral.com > http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list > > ______________________________________________ > Visit the Archives at > http://www.meteoritecentral.com/mailing-list-archives.html > Meteorite-list mailing list > Meteorite-list at meteoritecentral.com > http://six.pairlist.net/mailman/listinfo/meteorite-list Received on Fri 14 Oct 2011 11:56:39 AM PDT |
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